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A cornerstone of diabetes treatment is attention to lifestyle. Unhealthy lifestyles, such as lack of physical activity and excessive eating, initiate and propagate the majority of type 2 diabetes. As discussed in previous articles in this series,1,2 the incidence and prevalence of obesity is rising quickly, both in the United States and in the rest of the world. The frequency of diabetes has risen in tandem with overweight and obesity in essentially all age-groups and ethnicities in the United States, and not by coincidence. Primary Prevention of Diabetes It is difficult to overstate the importance of the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A recent study demonstrated that both women and men who have a BMI > 35 kg/m2 had a 20-fold increase in their risk of developing diabetes compared to people with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2.3 Furthermore, prospective studies have demonstrated that lifestyle modification in the form of diet and regular moderate exercise sharply decreases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals who have impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose. Control of Existing Diabetes Lifestyle interventions are not just beneficial before the development of diabetes. Several studies have clearly demonstrated the benefit of a healthful diet, regular exercise, and weight loss in individuals already diagnosed with diabetes. Substantial dietary restriction to 1,100 kcal/day has been shown to decrease fasting blood glucose of obese patients with diabetes and even in those without diabetes in as few as 4 days.
Tags : lifestyle interventions, overweight and obesity, prevention of diabetes, glucose tolerance, dietary restriction, incidence and prevalence, glucose control, unhealthy lifestyles, diabetes treatment, blood glucose, healthful diet, lifestyle modification, moderate exercise, excessive eating, type 2 diabetes
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