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The Neodymium magnet has been a key technological development that allows practical and efficient alternators to be built. The high strength of Neodymium is part of what makes computer hard drives so compact. Now the material is avaialble commercially for all sorts of purposes. Many sizes now available are perfect for use in the DIY alternators. A few illustrations will improve the understanding of how magnetic fields are manipulated. When magnets are attracted to metallic objects, the attraction can be witnessed by a distortion of the field lines that we saw above. The lines are drawn to that object, in much the same way that the object itself is drawn to the magnet. As the magnet gets closer to the plate, field lines pass through the plate and get stronger. The increasing size of the arrows in the diagrams below illustrates this. This set of rotors features round magnets. This is common on smaller axial-flux alternators, but as they get larger, it is often more practical to use rectangular magnets, which are available in larger sizes, and the wire coils are more compact. It is important that the rotors be made of steel or iron, so that the magnetic flux is conducted by them. Harnessing the Magnetic Energy Now we come to the humble coil of wire. It doesn’t do much on its own, but in the presence of magnetic fields, interesting things happen. A single loop of wire encloses a certain amount ofarea. The field passing through this area is a “magnetic flux”. It is measured in Webers. Magnet and Coil Matching I n an alternator producing 3-phase power, then one group of coils is at peak current while the others are not. Therefore the magnets align with only one phase at a time. Instead of figuring out how this is done from scratch, here’s the trick: No, don’t go slicing a magnet in half. The absolute minimum number of coils in a 3-phase alternator is 3 coils. One for each phase. You would therefore need 4 magnets. Actually, that would be fairly clunky. Here are some typical combinations: Technical Data What performance should the Permanent Magnet Alternator have? Dan Bartmann tests his alternators and has collected a lot of data over the years. Where to Start With Your Wind Turbine There are a lot of questions to be asked at the beginning. One of the best ways to start is to pick something that works, that is well documented, and to follow the instructions carefully. Hugh Piggott, Dan Bartmann, and Ed Lenz all have well-designed wind turbine projects that offer the beginner an excellent start.

Tags : rectangular magnets, wire coils, neodymium magnet, wind turbine, coil of wire, metallic objects, magnetic flux, magnetic energy, phase power, larger sizes, magnetic fields, alternators, technological development, interesting things, arrows
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