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This document covers about basic motherboard principles so anyone who understand that could diagnose and repair basic motherboard-related faults on a PC. When you’re diagnosing faults, it is important to keep a record of what you have done. If nothing else, this will help a specialist later on if you are not able to fix the system yourself. In addition, it is vital to know what was happening when the problem occurred, particularly with intermittent faults. As long as the PC is still in its case, static safety shouldn’t be a problem, but ideally you should ground yourself with a static strap attached to the wrist and earthed to the workbench (which itself should be earthed). Failure to take the necessary precautions can cause intermittent faults and/or damage components on the motherboard. Never replace a blown fuse on a power supply. If the fuse blows, it has probably blown for a good reason (such as one of the PSU components burning out). Replacing the fuse is dangerous, and can also damage components on the PC’s motherboard. Fit a new power supply instead - they don’t cost more than around US$30. The next step is to remove all the expansion cards and disconnect the hard and floppy drives to see if they are holding the power rails down. (With EISA systems, make a note of which boards were in which slots to avoid the need to rebuild the system configuration later.) If the system starts to boot without the drives attached, re-attach them one by one until it no longer boots, to see which is the problem. Known-good cables should also be tried with the drives, while the reset and other switches should be disconnected, in case they are causing problems. Leave the speaker connected - those beeps might be your only clue as to where the fault lies. A visual check of the motherboard should look for discoloured components and other obvious signs of overheating. Socketed components should be carefully pressed down to make sure they are securely seated - this is particularly important if the system has failed after being moved. Ensure too that they do not have bent legs: these can cause intermittent failures if they make contact to beginwith but go open circuit as the system warms up.
Tags : intermittent faults, blown fuse, power rails, expansion cards, necessary precautions, beeps, floppy drives, workbench, system configuration, good reason, power supply, clue, slots, cables, boots
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