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A Strut-and-Tie Model for Deep Beam Design A practical exercise using AppendixA ofthe 2002 ACI Building Code lthough the Strut-and-Tie Method (STM) has been used for several years in Europe 1,2 and has been included in the Canadian Standard for the Design of Concrete Structures 3 since 1984 and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications 4 since 1994, it is a new concept for many structural engineers in the U.S. Procedures and recommendations for the use of STM to design reinforced concrete members were discussed in a State-of-the-Art Report from Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445, Shear and Torsion. THE PROBLEM Figure 1 shows the beam to be analyzed and designed. The Code classifies the beam in Fig. 1 as a “deep beam” because the clear-span-to-total-depth ratio for this beam is less than 4.0. The member dimensions and loads are the same as those used for an example in the PCA Notes. 8 For this problem, however, the concentrated load is applied approximately at a third-point of the span, instead of at midspan. Check maximum shear force permitted in a deep beam Code Section 11.8.3 defines an upper limit for the shear force permitted in a deep beam. With the centroid of Tie 1-4 established, the effective flexural depth of the beam d is h – (w 14 /2) = 54 in. (1370 mm). Thus, the check of Code Section 11.8.3 requires. Provide minimum reinforcement in Strut 1-2 Code Section A.3.3 requires that a minimum percentage of reinforcement be distributed across bottle-shaped struts to control cracking along the axis of the strut. This reinforcement can be provided either in an orthogonal mesh or as vertical-only or horizontal only reinforcement.
Tags : deep beam design, design of concrete structures, tie model, clear span, concrete members, shear force, art report, minimum percentage, centroid, aashto lrfd, europe 1, structural engineers, design content, section 11, strut
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