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Element Types and Geometries : CosmosWorks currently includes solid continuum elements and curved surface shell elements (thin and thick). The shells are triangular with three vertex nodes or three vertex and three mid-edge nodes. The solids are tetrahedra with four vertex nodes or four vertex and six mid-edge nodes. The solid elements have three translational degrees of freedom (dof) as nodal unknowns, for a total of 12 or 30. The shell elements have three translational degrees of freedom as well as three rotational degrees of freedom, for a total of 18 or 36. The CosmosWorks symbol for translational and rotational dof are shown in green in Figure 2, along with the corresponding force and couple vectors in pink. For simplicity many finite element examples incorrectly apply complete restraints at a face, edge or node. That is, they enforce an Immovable condition for solids or a Fixed condition for shells. Actually determining the type of restraint, as well as where the part is restrained is often the most difficult part of an analysis. A plane of symmetry is flat and has mirror image geometry, material properties, loading, and restraints. You need to understand the symmetry restraints that are applied on such planes for solids and for shells. Solid Element Definition Fixed or Immovable All three translations are zero on face, edge, or vertex. Hinge On a cylindrical face, only the circumferential displacement is allowed. On cylindrical face The cylindrical coordinate displacements normal to and/or on the cylindrical surface are given. On flat face Displacements normal to and/or tangent to a flat face are given. On Spherical face The spherical coordinate displacements normal to and/or on the spherical surface are given.
Tags : shell elements, plane of symmetry, image geometry, element definition, translational degrees, element types, edge nodes, rotational degrees, degrees of freedom, cylindrical surface, stress analysis, spherical surface, flat face, finite element, mirror image
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